Page 2: Mineral Salts and Organic Compounds

This section delves into the functions of mineral salts and introduces organic compounds, particularly focusing on their structural components and functional groups.

Definition: Organic compounds are carbon-based molecules with specific functional groups that determine their chemical properties.

Highlight: The four main classes of organic compounds in living systems are:

• Saccharides
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids

Example: The formation of glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates demonstrates how complex biological molecules are built from simpler units.

Vocabulary:

• Szkielety węglowe: Carbon skeletons
• Grupy funkcyjne: Functional groups that determine chemical reactivity

Quote: "Niektóre związki organiczne powstają w wyniku polimeryzacji, w wyniku której powstają związki o bardzo dużych cząsteczkach"

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Page 1: Chemical Elements and Interactions

This page introduces the fundamental concepts of chemical elements and their interactions in biological systems. The periodic table highlights Makroelementy and Mikroelementy, distinguishing between biogenic elements and trace elements.

Definition: Biogenic elements (C, H, O, P, S, N) are the primary building blocks of living organisms.

Highlight: The distinction between macroelements (content >0.01% in dry mass) and microelements (content <0.01% in dry mass) is crucial for understanding biological systems.

Example: Water's unique properties, including its density characteristics and hydrogen bonding capabilities, make it essential for life.

Vocabulary:

• Sucha masa (dry mass): The mass of organisms after removing all water content
• Oddziaływania międzycząsteczkowe: Intermolecular interactions between molecules