Alkeny: Reakcje (Alkene Reactions)

This page details the various reactions that alkenes undergo, highlighting their chemical reactivity due to the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond.

Alkeny reakcje charakterystyczne include:

1. Combustion

2. Addycja alkenów (Addition reactions)

   Definition: Addition reactions involve the breaking of the double bond and the addition of atoms or groups to the molecule. Example: CH₂=CH₂ + Br₂ (aq) → CH₂Br-CH₂Br

3. Reaction with bromine water

   Highlight: This reaction is characteristic of unsaturated compounds and results in the decolorization of bromine water.

4. Addycja wody do alkenu mechanizm (Addition of water to alkene)

   Example: CH₂=CH-CH₃ + H₂O → CH₃-CH(OH)-CH₃

The page also introduces Reguła Zajcewa (Markovnikov's rule), which predicts the product of addition reactions.

Quote: "According to Markovnikov's rule, hydrogen attaches to the carbon atom with more hydrogen atoms."

Alkeny: Utlenianie i Polimeryzacja (Oxidation and Polymerization)

This page focuses on two important reactions of alkenes: oxidation and polymerization.

Utlenianie alkenów is discussed in detail:

1. Reaction with potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)

   Example: CH₂=CH₂ + 2KMnO₄ + 2KOH → CH₂(OH)-CH₂(OH) + 2K₂MnO₄

This reaction results in the formation of diols (dihydroxy alcohols).

Vocabulary: Diol - an alcohol containing two hydroxyl (-OH) groups.

Polimeryzacja alkenów is introduced as an important industrial process:

Definition: Polymerization is the process of joining single molecules by breaking multiple bonds to form a large macromolecule.

Example: nCH₂=CH₂ → [-CH₂-CH₂-]ₙ (polyethylene)

The page also mentions the polymerization of chloroethene to form polyvinyl chloride (PVC).