Alkeny: Otrzymywanie (Alkene Production)

This page focuses on various methods of otrzymywanie alkenów (alkene production). Several important reactions are discussed:

1. Dehydrogenation of alkanes

   Example: CH₃-CH₃ → CH₂=CH₂ + H₂ (with CrO₂ catalyst and heat)

2. Partial hydrogenation of alkynes

   Example: CH≡CH + H₂ → CH₂=CH₂ (with Ni/Pt catalyst)

3. Dehydratacja alkoholi (Dehydration of alcohols)

   Highlight: This is an important method for alkene production. Example: CH₃-CH₂OH → CH₂=CH₂ + H₂O (with Al₂O₃ catalyst and heat)

4. Elimination of halogen molecule from dihalogenoalkane

   Example: CH₂Cl-CH₂Cl + Zn → CH₂=CH₂ + ZnCl₂

5. Reaction of monohaloalkane with potassium hydroxide

   Vocabulary: Elimination reaction - a reaction where atoms or groups are removed from a molecule to form a double bond.

The page emphasizes the importance of catalysts in determining the reaction products, particularly in the case of alcohol reactions with KOH.

Alkeny: Reakcje (Alkene Reactions)

This page details the various reactions that alkenes undergo, highlighting their chemical reactivity due to the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond.

Alkeny reakcje charakterystyczne include:

1. Combustion

2. Addycja alkenów (Addition reactions)

   Definition: Addition reactions involve the breaking of the double bond and the addition of atoms or groups to the molecule. Example: CH₂=CH₂ + Br₂ (aq) → CH₂Br-CH₂Br

3. Reaction with bromine water

   Highlight: This reaction is characteristic of unsaturated compounds and results in the decolorization of bromine water.

4. Addycja wody do alkenu mechanizm (Addition of water to alkene)

   Example: CH₂=CH-CH₃ + H₂O → CH₃-CH(OH)-CH₃

The page also introduces Reguła Zajcewa (Markovnikov's rule), which predicts the product of addition reactions.

Quote: "According to Markovnikov's rule, hydrogen attaches to the carbon atom with more hydrogen atoms."