Page 4: Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
This page focuses on ketones and carboxylic acids, two more classes of organic compounds containing carbonyl groups.
Ketones are organic compounds with a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon-containing groups. Examples include propanone, butanone, pentan-2-one, and pentan-3-one.
Example: Ketones can be produced by oxidation of secondary alcohols: CH₃-CH(OH)-CH₂-CH₃ + [O] → CH₃-CO-CH₂-CH₃ + H₂O
Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH). Examples include methanoic acid (formic acid), ethanoic acid (acetic acid), propanoic acid, butanoic acid, and pentanoic acid.
Vocabulary: Benzoic acid - The simplest aromatic carboxylic acid (C₆H₅COOH)
The page covers methods for producing carboxylic acids, including:
- Oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes
- Fermentation (e.g., acetic fermentation to produce ethanoic acid)
Highlight: Carboxylic acids can be identified using the Trommer's test and Tollens' test, similar to aldehydes.
This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for understanding the structures, properties, and reactions of various organic compound classes, essential for students studying alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and their reactions.