Page 2: Advanced Aspects of Reported Speech

This page delves deeper into the nuances of reported speech, focusing on changes in time expressions, pronouns, and the structure of reported questions and commands.

Time expressions undergo significant changes in reported speech to maintain the correct temporal context:

Example:

• "now" becomes "at that time" or "then"
• "today" changes to "that day"
• "yesterday" becomes "the day before"

The page also covers the transformation of pronouns and demonstratives:

Highlight: Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives change based on the context of the reported speech. For instance, "I/we" may become "he/she/they", and "my" might change to "his/her/their".

The structure of reported questions is explained, distinguishing between general (yes/no) questions and specific $wh-$ questions:

Definition: General questions in reported speech use "if" or "whether", while specific questions retain their question word (what, who, where, etc.) but change to statement word order.

Example: Direct: "Has Darina answered all the questions?" Reported: Jan asked me if/whether Darina had answered all the questions.

Finally, the page covers how to report commands:

Vocabulary: Commands in reported speech typically use "ask" or "tell" followed by the object and an infinitive construction.

Example: Direct: "Don't take any photos of me!" Reported: Darina told the reporter not to take any photos of her.

This comprehensive guide provides a thorough understanding of mowa zależna angielski, equipping learners with the tools to effectively use reported speech in various contexts.

Page 1: Introduction to Reported Speech

This page introduces the concept of reported speech and outlines the basic transformations required when converting direct speech to indirect speech.

The main difference between direct and indirect speech is explained, with direct speech quoting the exact words spoken, while indirect speech conveys the content without using the original wording.

Key reporting verbs are introduced, including:

Vocabulary:

• Point out (zwrócić uwagę / wytknąć)
• Reply (odpowiedzieć)
• Add (dodać)
• Claim (twierdzić)
• Explain (wyjaśnić)
• Suggest (zasugerować)
• Tell (powiedzieć)

The page then delves into the changes that occur in reported speech, focusing on verb tense transformations. A comprehensive table illustrates how different tenses change when moving from direct to indirect speech.

Example: Direct: Ann: "I paint pictures." Reported: Ann said (that) she painted pictures.

This example demonstrates the shift from present simple to past simple in reported speech.

Highlight: The optional use of 'that' in reported speech is noted, allowing for more natural-sounding sentences.

The page concludes with a detailed breakdown of tense changes, covering present simple, present continuous, present perfect, past perfect, modal verbs, and future expressions.