Advanced Usage and Time Expressions

The final section covers more complex applications and specific time expressions in present perfect.

Definition: Time expressions like just, already, and yet have specific positions and meanings in present perfect sentences

Example:

• "I've just finished my homework" (immediate past)
• "I've already drunk coffee" (earlier than expected)
• "Have you drunk coffee yet?" (asking about completion)

Highlight: In formal English, 'yet' can appear directly after 'not': "The conflict has not yet ended"

Vocabulary: Frequency adverbs (never, ever, always, once) are commonly used to discuss life experiences and typically appear between the auxiliary verb and past participle

Present Perfect Formation and Basic Usage

The present perfect tense follows a specific structure in English, combining the auxiliary verb have/has with the past participle. This section explains the fundamental rules and applications.

Definition: Present Perfect is formed using Subject + have/has + past participle (3rd form of the verb)

Example: "I've seen this movie" demonstrates the basic structure

Highlight: Questions are formed by inverting the subject and auxiliary verb (have/has), while negatives are created by adding 'not'

The tense is used in several key situations:

• To describe past actions with present impact
• To express states continuing to the present
• To talk about recently completed actions

Example: "I've broken my leg" shows an action with present consequences Example: "I've lived in Poland since I was born" demonstrates a continuing state