The genetic code is a fundamental system for encoding protein structure information in DNA. It uses codons to specify amino acids and control protein synthesis.
Key points:
- The code is based on triplets of nucleotides called codons
- There are 64 possible codons encoding 20 amino acids
- Kod genetyczny uniwersalny (Universal genetic code) is shared across most organisms
- Tabela kodu genetycznego (Genetic code table) shows the amino acid assignments for each codon
- Translation begins with START codon (AUG) and ends with STOP codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)