Expanding the Alkane Series
This page continues the homologous series of alkany (alkanes), focusing on butane (C4H10) and pentane (C5H12). It also mentions higher alkanes up to decane.
For butane and pentane, the page provides:
- Structural formulas showing the arrangement of carbon and hydrogen atoms
- Semi-structural formulas (condensed structural formulas)
- Molecular formulas
The page concludes by listing the names of alkanes from hexane to decane, completing the szereg homologiczny alkanów do 10 (homologous series of alkanes up to 10 carbon atoms).
Example: Butane C4H10 is represented as CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 in its semi-structural formula.
Highlight: The pattern of increasing carbon chain length and hydrogen atoms is clearly visible as the series progresses.
Vocabulary:
- Semi-structural formula: A condensed representation of a molecule's structure, showing some bonds explicitly.
Definition: Each member of the alkane homologous series differs from the next by one CH2 group.
This comprehensive overview of alkanes provides students with a solid foundation for understanding węglowodory nasycone i nienasycone (saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons) and their nomenclature, setting the stage for more advanced topics in organic chemistry.