Atomic Structure and Particle Behavior

This comprehensive page covers fundamental concepts of atomic structure and particle behavior, with detailed explanations of various atomic components and processes. The content focuses on electron configuration, atomic numbers, and element properties, using specific examples to illustrate key concepts.

Definition: Diffusion (Dyfuzja) is defined as the penetration of molecules of one substance into molecules of another substance.

Example: The detailed analysis of Nickel (Ni) shows:

• Atomic number: 28
• Atomic mass: 59
• Group: 10
• Period: 4
• Valence electrons: 10
• Electron configuration: KL³M³N⁰

Vocabulary: Isotopes (IZOTOPY) are atoms with the same atomic number (Z) but different mass numbers (A).

Highlight: The simplified atomic model demonstrates electron shell arrangement, particularly evident in the oxygen atom example showing K shell (2e) and valence electrons (6e).

Definition: Atomic mass number (A) equals the sum of protons and neutrons, while atomic number (Z) equals the number of protons, which also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

The page effectively illustrates these concepts through detailed diagrams and specific examples, making complex atomic theory accessible to students while maintaining scientific accuracy.