Electron Promotion Phenomenon
This page introduces the concept of electron promotion, using copper (Cu) as an example to explain this phenomenon in konfiguracja elektronowa.
Copper's electronic configuration is presented, showing how it deviates from the expected pattern due to electron promotion. The full configuration of copper is given as [Ar] 4s¹ 3d¹⁰.
Definition: Electron promotion is the process where an electron moves from a lower energy orbital to a higher energy orbital, often resulting in a more stable configuration.
Example: In copper, an electron from the 4s orbital is promoted to the 3d orbital, resulting in a full 3d subshell.
This page emphasizes the importance of understanding exceptions to the general rules of electronic configuration, which is crucial for grasping concepts like konfiguracja elektronowa wyjątki.
Highlight: Electron promotion in copper demonstrates how atoms can achieve more stable configurations by slightly altering their expected electron arrangement.