Ancient Empires of the Near East
The map and accompanying text provide an overview of the major civilizations and empires that dominated the Starożytny Bliski Wschód (ancient Near East) during the Bronze Age, around 1750-1792 BCE. This region saw the development of some of the world's earliest and most influential cultures.
Highlight: The key civilizations highlighted are Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria, and Egypt.
The map shows the geographical extent of these empires, centered around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia and the Nile River in Egypt. Major cities like Babylon, Assur, Memphis, and Thebes are marked.
Vocabulary: Mesopotamia refers to the region between and around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, literally meaning "land between rivers" in Greek.
The text outlines some key characteristics of these civilizations:
-
Sumer: Established many early city-states and faced local conflicts.
-
Babylonia: Known for its wealth, prestigious culture, and competitive nature.
-
Assyria: Renowned for its military strength and control of trade routes.
-
Egypt: Characterized by its isolation from Mesopotamia and unique culture along the Nile.
Example: The Babylonian Empire under Hammurabi (c. 1792-1750 BCE) is specifically highlighted on the map, showing its control over much of Mesopotamia.
The document also details advancements in military technology and tactics:
- Use of chariots, cavalry, and various weapons like bows, spears, and slings
- Development of siege warfare techniques, including towers and battering rams
- Organized infantry formations
Definition: A battering ram is a siege engine used to break down walls or gates, typically a large, heavy log swung at the target.
These military innovations played a crucial role in the expansion and maintenance of these ancient empires, allowing them to conquer and control vast territories across the Near East.
