Types of Reported Speech and Examples
This section covers different types of reported speech, including statements, questions, and commands, providing mowa zależna angielski przykłady (examples in English reported speech) for each category.
Reported Statements
When reporting statements, we typically use "that" to introduce the reported clause, although it can often be omitted in informal speech.
Example:
Direct: "We are going on a trip tomorrow," they said.
Reported: They said (that) they were going on a trip the next day.
Example:
Direct: "I have never heard this song," she said.
Reported: She said (that) she had never heard that song.
Reported Questions
There are two types of reported questions: general (yes/no) questions and specific (wh-) questions. The structure changes significantly in reported speech.
General Questions
For general questions, we use "if" or "whether" to introduce the reported question. The word order changes to that of a statement.
Example:
Direct: "Do you like chocolate?" he asked her.
Reported: He asked her if/whether she liked chocolate.
Highlight: In reported general questions, there is no inversion of subject and auxiliary verb as in direct questions.
Specific Questions
For specific questions, we keep the question word (what, where, why, etc.) and change the word order to that of a statement.
Example:
Direct: "Where did you spend the summer?" she asked them.
Reported: She asked them where they had spent the summer.
Reported Commands
When reporting commands or instructions, we use the infinitive structure with "to" for positive commands and "not to" for negative commands.
Example:
Direct: "Open the door," she told me.
Reported: She told me to open the door.
Example:
Direct: "Don't call me today," she told him.
Reported: She told him not to call her that day.
Vocabulary:
- Mowa zależna angielski pytania: Reported questions in English
- Pytania w mowie zależnej: Questions in reported speech
These examples demonstrate how mowa zależna i nie zależna (reported and direct speech) differ in structure and tense usage. Practicing with various mowa zależna angielski ćwiczenia (reported speech exercises) can help solidify understanding of these concepts.
