Tryby warunkowe w języku angielskim - Ćwiczenia i przykłady

Conditional Sentences in English - An Overview

Conditional 0 (Zero Conditional)

This conditional is used to talk about consequences of regularly recurring events, actions, or phenomena, also known as "routines." It expresses something that is always true - facts.

IF+SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE

Examples:

• If temperature is above zero, snow melts.
• If I have a big supper, I usually have problems falling asleep.

We can replace the conjunction with "if/when."

Conditional I (First Conditional - Future)

This conditional is used to talk about events or situations that may happen in the future, provided that a certain condition is met, and the condition is possible to fulfill.

IF+SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE + SUBJECT + WILL

Examples:

• If it stops raining, I will go for a walk.
• You will get a cold if you don't wear warm clothes outside.
• I will come to the cinema if I finish all my work first.

We can replace "will" with the modal verbs "may/might."

Usage of Linking Words in Conditional Sentences

• Provided/provided that - on the condition that
• As long as - if
• Unless - if not, except if

For example:

• Unless it stops raining, I will stay at home.
• I will see you at 3:30 unless the train is late.

Conditional II (Second Conditional - Present)

This conditional is used to talk about improbable or impossible situations in the present or future, often used for giving advice or expressing opinions about a specific situation. It involves hypothetical scenarios.

IF+SUBJECT+PAST SIMPLE+ SUBJECT + WOULD + INFINITIVE

Examples:

• If I were you, I wouldn't go there.
• If I had a lot of money, I would give some of it to a children's hospital.
• If people were nicer, the world would be better.
• I would buy a new car if I had more money.

Conditional III (Third Conditional - Past)

This conditional is used to talk about events that could have happened in the past but did not happen. It is also used to express imagined past events and the consequences of those events.

IF + SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT (HAD+III FORM) + SUBJECT + WOULD HAVE + III FORM
Examples:

• If I had learned more, I would have had better marks.
• If you had told me, I wouldn't have made this mistake.
• If I had invited friends last night, I wouldn't have felt so lonely.

Mixed Conditional Sentences

Mix of Conditional III and II

This form is used to describe probable effects in the present if a certain condition had been met in the past.

IF+SUBJECT+PAST PERFECT + SUBJECT + WOULD + INFINITIVE

Example:

• If you had taken aspirin 2 days ago, you wouldn't be in bed with flu now.

Mix of Conditional II and III

This form describes situations that could have occurred in the past if a general condition that was not met had been met, regardless of the time.

IF+SUBJECT+PAST SIMPLE + SUBJECT + FUTURE IN THE PAST

Example:

• If I were you, I would have helped him.
• If he were a better player, he would have won.

In summary, understanding the various conditionals in English helps in effective communication and expressing different types of hypothetical situations and their potential outcomes.