Aldehydes and Ketones: Structure and Nomenclature
The first page introduces aldehydes and ketones, focusing on their structure and nomenclature. Aldehydes contain the -CHO group, while ketones have a carbonyl group between two carbon atoms.
Nazewnictwo aldehydów follows IUPAC rules, replacing the -e ending of the corresponding alkane with -al. For example, CH3CHO is named ethanal. Nazewnictwo ketonów uses the suffix -one, as in propanone for CH3COCH3.
Example: Formaldehyde (HCHO) is the simplest aldehyde, while acetone (CH3COCH3) is the simplest ketone.
The page also covers more complex naming scenarios, including cyclic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones.
Vocabulary: Carbonyl group - the C=O functional group characteristic of aldehydes and ketones.
Aldehydy i ketony właściwości fizyczne are briefly mentioned, noting that lower members are gases or volatile liquids, while higher ones are less volatile and may be solids.
Highlight: Formaldehyde's 40% aqueous solution is known as formalin, an important industrial chemical.