Hydrocarbon Nomenclature and General Formulas

This page provides a comprehensive overview of the nomenclature and general formulas for three major classes of hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. The information is presented in a tabular format, making it easy to compare and contrast these different hydrocarbon types.

Definition: Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

The table is divided into three main sections, each dedicated to a specific class of hydrocarbons:

1. Alkanes (Rekany): These are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. The table lists the first ten alkanes, from methane (CH4) to decane (C10H22).

Highlight: The wzór ogólny alkanów is CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

2. Alkenes (Alkeny): These are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a carbon-carbon double bond. Their general formula is CnH2n. The table shows examples from ethene (C2H4) to nonene (C9H18).

Vocabulary: Alkeny wzory sumaryczne refers to the molecular formulas of alkenes, which follow the pattern CnH2n.

3. Alkynes (Alkiny): These are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon triple bond. Their general formula is CnH2n-2. The table provides examples from ethyne (C2H2) to decyne (C10H18).

Example: Propyne (C3H4) is an example of an alkyne, demonstrating the alkiny wzór of CnH2n-2.

At the bottom of the page, the general formulas for each hydrocarbon class are summarized:

• Alkanes: CnH2n+2
• Alkenes: CnH2n
• Alkynes: CnH2n-2

This information is crucial for understanding the właściwości węglowodorów nasyconych i nienasyconych, as the number and type of bonds directly influence their chemical and physical properties.

Quote: "Wzór ogólny: CnH2n" - This quote from the image succinctly captures the general formula for alkenes.

Understanding these general formulas and nomenclature patterns is essential for students studying organic chemistry, particularly when dealing with topics such as alkany, alkeny alkiny wzory strukturalne and węglowodory nienasycone - alkeny i alkiny.