Isotopes and Atomic Mass Calculation

This page covers the fundamental concepts of isotopes and the calculation of average atomic mass. It provides detailed information on the structure of atoms, the differences between isotopes, and methods for determining the average atomic mass of an element.

Isotopes Explained

Isotopes are defined as atoms of the same chemical element with the same atomic number (Z) but different mass numbers (A). This means they have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Definition: Isotopes are atoms of the same element with equal atomic numbers but different mass numbers.

The page illustrates this concept using hydrogen isotopes as examples:

1. Protium (¹H): 1 proton, 0 neutrons
2. Deuterium (²H): 1 proton, 1 neutron
3. Tritium (³H): 1 proton, 2 neutrons

Example: Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes: protium, deuterium, and tritium.

Calculating Average Atomic Mass

The document then moves on to explain how to calculate the average atomic mass of an element, which is crucial for understanding the relative masses of elements in the periodic table.

Highlight: The average atomic mass is calculated using the masses and relative abundances of an element's isotopes.

The formula provided for obliczanie średniej masy atomowej is:

mat = (%m₁ × A₁ + %m₂ × A₂ + %m₃ × A₃) / 100%

Where:

• mat is the average atomic mass
• %m is the percentage abundance of each isotope
• A is the mass number of each isotope

Practical Example: Sulfur

The page concludes with a practical example, calculating the średnia masa atomowa of sulfur using given isotopic data.

Example: For sulfur, with isotopes of mass numbers 32, 33, 34, and 36, and respective abundances of 94.93%, 0.76%, 4.29%, and 0.02%, the average atomic mass is calculated to be 32.09 u.

This example demonstrates how to apply the formula in real-world scenarios, providing students with a clear understanding of jak obliczyć masę atomową pierwiastka.