Coulomb's Law and Electrostatic Force

This section delves into the relationship between electric charges and the forces they exert on each other, introducing Coulomb's law.

Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's law states that the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Definition: Prąd elektryczny definicja Fizyka (Electric current definition in Physics) - The flow of electric charge through a conductor.

Problem 4: Calculating Electrostatic Force

This problem demonstrates how to calculate the electrostatic force between two charges q₁=-2·10⁻⁹C and q₂=7·10⁻⁹C at a distance of 5m.

Highlight: The solution shows step-by-step application of Coulomb's law to determine the electrostatic force.

Problem 5: Interaction of Small Charged Bodies

This problem involves two small bodies with charges q₁=+1nC and q₂=-2mC at a distance of 20cm, asking to determine if they attract and the magnitude of their interaction force.

Example: Elektryzowanie przez indukcję przykłady (Examples of electrification by induction) include a charged rod attracting small pieces of paper without touching them.

These problems illustrate practical applications of electrostatic principles and provide valuable practice in solving electrostatics-related calculations.

Introduction to Electrostatics

Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies phenomena involving stationary electric charges. This field focuses exclusively on interactions between immobile charges.

Types of Electric Charges

There are two types of electric charges:

1. Positive charge: Glass becomes positively charged when rubbed.
2. Negative charge: Ebonite becomes negatively charged when rubbed.

Highlight: The charge of a proton has the same absolute value as an electron's charge but opposite sign (proton is positive, electron is negative).

Sposoby elektryzowania ciał (Methods of Electrifying Bodies)

1. Friction: Both bodies become electrified - one positively, the other negatively. Electrons move between the bodies.

2. Contact: Requires touching a charged body with an uncharged one. Both bodies acquire the same charge.

3. Induction: Involves bringing a charged body near an uncharged one. The uncharged body becomes electrified with charges opposite to the inducing charge.

Definition: An isolated system is one where the number of elements doesn't change and external factors don't influence its elements. The total electric charge (sum of positive and negative charges) remains constant.

Example: Elektryzowanie ciał przez tarcie (Electrification by friction) occurs when rubbing a balloon against your hair, causing the balloon to become negatively charged and attract small pieces of paper.