Rigid Body Dynamics and Rotational Motion
This page covers fundamental concepts and formulas related to the dynamics of rigid bodies and their rotational motion. It introduces key terms and equations essential for understanding the behavior of rotating objects.
The page begins by defining important kinematic quantities:
Vocabulary:
- Average angular velocity (średnia szybkość kątowa)
- Average angular acceleration (przyspieszenie kątowe średnie)
- Linear velocity (szybkość liniowa)
- Centripetal acceleration (przyspieszenie dośrodkowe)
- Linear acceleration (przyspieszenie liniowe)
Next, it delves into the concept of moment of inertia, a crucial property in rigid body mechanics. The moment of inertia is presented for various shapes:
- Solid sphere
- Solid cylinder
- Thin spherical shell
- Thin disk
- Rod
- Thick-walled hollow sphere
Example: For a solid sphere, the moment of inertia is given by I = 2/5 MR², where M is the mass and R is the radius.
The page then introduces the formula for kinetic energy in rotational motion:
Definition: E₁ = ½Iω², where E₁ is the rotational kinetic energy, I is the moment of inertia, and ω is the angular velocity.
Important relationships between angular and linear quantities are presented:
- ω = 2πf, relating angular velocity to frequency
- v = ωr, connecting linear velocity to angular velocity and radius
- a_r = ω²r, expressing centripetal acceleration
- α = dω/dt, defining angular acceleration
The total kinetic energy of a rigid body undergoing both translational and rotational motion is given as:
E₁ = E₁_translational + E₁_rotational = ½mv² + ½Iω²
Finally, the page introduces the Steiner theorem (also known as the parallel axis theorem):
Highlight: The Steiner theorem states that I = I_0 + md², where I is the moment of inertia about a new axis, I_0 is the moment of inertia about a parallel axis through the center of mass, m is the mass, and d is the distance between the axes.
This theorem is crucial for calculating moments of inertia about different axes and is widely used in rigid body mechanics and structural analysis.
