Russian Partition After the January Uprising

The aftermath of the January Uprising brought severe consequences for Poles under Russian rule. The Russian authorities implemented harsh repressive measures and systematic policies to eliminate Polish autonomy and cultural identity.

Highlight: Approximately 1,000 Poles faced execution as insurgents, marking the brutal nature of Russian repression.

Definition: The Kingdom of Poland was renamed the "Vistula Land" (Kraj Nadwiślański), symbolizing the complete erasure of Polish political identity.

Key Consequences:

• Implementation of terror regime in the Russian partition
• Widespread fear of Russian repression
• Confiscation of Polish estates and their transfer to Russians
• Mandatory use of Russian language in courts, offices, and schools

Example: Language restrictions were particularly severe in Lithuania, where using Polish in public places was prohibited under threat of monetary fines.

Vocabulary: Russification (Rusyfikacja) - The policy of forcing Russian culture and language on non-Russian populations within the Russian Empire.

Quote: "W polskim społeczeństwie wzrastało się poczucie solidarności, ale też zapanowało przeświadczenie o beznadziejności wszelkiej walki zbrojnej" (Polish society experienced increased solidarity, but also developed a conviction about the futility of any armed struggle).