Number Sequences: Arithmetic and Geometric
This page provides a comprehensive overview of ciągi arytmetyczne i geometryczne wzory (arithmetic and geometric sequence formulas), essential for students studying ciągi liczbowe klasa 1 (number sequences in first-year classes).
The page begins by introducing the general concept of a sequence, denoted as (an). It then delves into specific types of sequences, starting with arithmetic sequences.
Definition: An arithmetic sequence is defined by the formula an = an-1 + d, where d is the common difference between consecutive terms.
For arithmetic sequences, several key formulas are presented:
- General term formula: an = a1 + (n-1)d
- Sum of n terms: Sn = (a1 + an) · n/2
- Alternative sum formula: Sn = [2a1 + (n-1)d] · n/2
Highlight: The wzór na różnicę ciągu arytmetycznego (formula for the difference of an arithmetic sequence) is a crucial component in understanding these sequences.
The page then transitions to geometric sequences, providing their defining characteristic:
Definition: A geometric sequence is defined by the formula an = an-1 · q, where q is the common ratio between consecutive terms.
Key formulas for geometric sequences include:
- General term formula: an = a1 · q^(n-1)
- Sum of n terms: Sn = a1 · (1 - q^n) / (1 - q) for q ≠ 1
- Sum of infinite terms (for |q| < 1): S∞ = a1 / (1 - q)
Example: The formula am = ak · q^(m-k) is provided to find any term given another term in the sequence.
The page also touches on the convergence and divergence of sequences, mentioning that some sequences approach infinity or negative infinity as n increases.
Vocabulary: Ciąg zbieżny (convergent sequence) and ciąg rozbieżny (divergent sequence) are introduced, with examples of each type.
Finally, the page includes a note on the limit of sequences, specifically mentioning that the limit of √n as n approaches infinity is 1.
This comprehensive guide serves as an excellent resource for students learning about znane ciągi liczbowe (well-known number sequences) and provides the essential ciągi wzory (sequence formulas) needed for solving various mathematical problems involving sequences.
