Definition: Chemical reactivity of alkanes is characterized by their relatively low chemical activity and specific reaction conditions.

Example: Combustion reactions can be complete (producing CO₂ and H₂O), partial (producing CO and H₂O), or incomplete (producing C and H₂O).

Highlight: The radical substitution reaction mechanism occurs in three distinct stages, typically requiring light energy to initiate.

Definition: Właściwości fizyczne of alkanes include their state of matter, which varies with carbon chain length.

Example: C₁-C₄ are gases, C₅-C₁₆ are liquids, and C₁₆+ are solids at room temperature.

Highlight: Alkanes are non-polar compounds that dissolve in non-polar solvents but are insoluble in water, and their boiling and melting points increase with chain length.