Atomic Structure and Calculations
This page delves into the budowa atomu and provides examples of how to calculate various atomic properties. The information is presented using two specific elements as examples.
The first example uses an element with atomic number 92 and mass number 238. This element is uranium, though it's not explicitly named in the text. The second example is bismuth, with atomic number 83 and mass number 210.
Definition: Liczba masowa (mass number) is represented by A and is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Definition: Liczba atomowa (atomic number) is represented by Z and equals the number of protons in the nucleus, which also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
For the first element (uranium):
- Liczba masowa (A) = 238
- Liczba atomowa (Z) = 92
- Number of protons = 92
- Number of electrons = 92
- Number of neutrons = 238 - 92 = 146
Example: To calculate the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the mass number: 238 - 92 = 146 neutrons.
For the second element (bismuth):
- Liczba masowa (A) = 210
- Liczba atomowa (Z) = 83
- Number of protons = 83
- Number of electrons = 83
- Number of neutrons = 210 - 83 = 127
Highlight: The number of protons always equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom, which is represented by the atomic number (Z).
Vocabulary: Nukleony refers to the particles in the nucleus, which are protons and neutrons combined.
The page also illustrates the relationship between various atomic properties:
- A = Z + n (where n is the number of neutrons)
- Protony i neutrony razem to the mass number (A)
Example: For bismuth, the total number of nucleons (A) is 210, which is the sum of 83 protons and 127 neutrons.
This information provides a comprehensive overview of jak obliczyć liczbę neutronów protonów i elektronów for any given element when provided with the atomic number and mass number.
