Alcohols: Properties and Applications
This page provides an overview of alcohols, their structure, and key examples. Wzór ogólny alkoholi is derived from alkanes with the addition of hydroxyl groups.
Definition: Alcohols are organic compounds containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to carbon atoms.
The page introduces several important alcohols:
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Methanol (CH₃OH):
- Metanol właściwości fizyczne i chemiczne include being a colorless, flammable liquid.
- Used in the production of synthetic materials.
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Ethanol (C₂H₅OH):
- Etanol właściwości fizyczne i chemiczne are highlighted, including its use in the production of perfumes and as a solvent.
- Wzór chemiczny alkoholu do picia is C₂H₅OH, commonly known as drinking alcohol.
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Propanol (C₃H₇OH):
- A three-carbon alcohol with various industrial applications.
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Butanol (C₄H₉OH):
- Four-carbon alcohol used in the production of plastics and as a solvent.
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Pentanol (C₅H₁₁OH):
- Five-carbon alcohol with applications in the fragrance industry.
Highlight: The general structure of alcohols is R-OH, where R represents an alkyl group.
The page also discusses the combustion reactions of alcohols:
- Methanol: 2CH₃OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 4H₂O
- Ethanol: C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O
Example: Ethanol fermentation: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
Glycerol (C₃H₅(OH)₃) is introduced as a trihydroxy alcohol with unique properties:
- Właściwości gliceryny include being a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid.
- Hygroscopic nature and sweet taste.
- Used in the food industry, cosmetics, and as a moisturizer.
Vocabulary: Hygroscopic - tendency to absorb moisture from the air.
The page concludes by mentioning the use of alcohols in explosive materials, the food industry, and cosmetics.