Węglowodory are chemical compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They can be divided into:
Wzory ogólne
Nasycone
These are chemical compounds that have only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are called alkanes.
Nienasycone
These are chemical compounds that have multiple bonds (double and triple) between carbon atoms. They are called alkenes and alkynes.
Examples of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) are:
- Metane
- Etane
- Propane
- Butane
- Pentane
- Hexane
- Heptane
- Octane
- Nonane
- Decane
Wzory i nazwy
Examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes) are:
- Eten
- Propen
- Buten
- Hepten
- Octen
- Decen
Examples of alkynes:
- Etin
- Propin
- Butin
- Pentin
- Heptin
- Octin
- Decin
Reakcje
Spalanie całkowite
- CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
- C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O
- 2C2H2 + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O
Powstawanie
- Hydrocarbons come from crude oil
- C + 2H2 → CH4
- CO + 3H2 → CH4 + H2O
- C2H6 → C2H4 + H2
- CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 CA(OH)2
Reakcja wymiany
- CH4 + Cl2 → CH2Cl + HCl
- CH4 + 4Cl2 → CCl4 + 4HCl
Reakcja przyłączenia
- C2H2 + H2 → C2H4
- C2H4 + Br2 → C2H2Br2
Cykloalkany
Examples of cycloalkanes are:
- C3H6 - cyklopropan/propen
- C5H10 - cyklopentan/penten
- C6H12 - cykloheksan/heksen
- Metan
- Etan → Eten + H2
- Acetylen, etin
- C4H8 - cyklobutan/buten
In conclusion, hydrocarbons can be saturated (alkanes) or unsaturated (alkenes and alkynes), and they have various properties and reactions.
