Understanding Graniastosłupy (Prisms)
This page provides a comprehensive overview of graniastosłupy (prisms) and their various types, including formulas for calculating their volume and surface area.
The general formula for the volume of a graniastosłup prosty (right prism) is presented:
Definition: V = Pp · H, where V is volume, Pp is the area of the base, and H is the height of the prism.
Different types of prisms are discussed, including:
-
Prostopadłościan (cuboid): Its volume is calculated using the formula v = a · b · c, where a, b, and c are the lengths of its three edges.
-
Sześcian (cube): A special case of a cuboid where all edges are equal. Its volume is given by v = a³, where a is the length of an edge.
Example: To calculate the objętość sześcianu (volume of a cube) with an edge length of 5 units, you would use v = 5³ = 125 cubic units.
- Ostrosłup (pyramid): While not a prism, it's mentioned for comparison. Its volume is calculated as V = 1/3 · Pp · H.
The page also covers surface area calculations:
Formula: Pc = 2Pp + Pb, where Pc is the total surface area, Pp is the area of the base, and Pb is the lateral surface area.
For a cube, this simplifies to Pc = 6a², where a is the length of an edge.
Highlight: The number of edges, faces, and vertices in prisms are related to the number of sides (n) in the base polygon:
- Edges: 3n
- Faces: n + 2
- Vertices: 2n
The page concludes with a brief mention of ostrosłupy (pyramids), noting their different characteristics in terms of edges, faces, and vertices compared to prisms.
Vocabulary:
- Wierzchołki: vertices
- Krawędzie: edges
- Ściany: faces
This comprehensive overview provides a solid foundation for understanding the properties and calculations associated with various types of graniastosłupy (prisms).
