Kwasy Karboksylowe: Acetic Acid and Reactions
This page focuses on kwas octowy (acetic acid) and its properties, as well as various reactions of carboxylic acids.
Właściwości fizyczne kwasu octowego:
- Colorless liquid
- Soluble in water
- Acidic pH
- Unpleasant odor
- Forms "glacial acetic acid" at lower temperatures
Vocabulary: Glacial acetic acid refers to pure, water-free acetic acid that freezes at a relatively high temperature (16.6°C).
Otrzymywanie kwasu octowego:
- Oxidation of ethanol: C2H5OH + O2 → CH3COOH + H2O
- Oxidation of acetaldehyde: CH3CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 → CH3COOH + Cu2O + 2H2O
Właściwości chemiczne kwasów karboksylowych:
- Dissociation: CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO- + H+
- Neutralization: CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
- Esterification: CH3COOH + C2H5OH ⇌ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
- Reaction with metal oxides: CuO + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2Cu + H2O
Example: The reaction of acetic acid with copper(II) oxide produces copper(II) acetate, a blue-green salt used in various applications.
The page also includes several problem-solving exercises related to carboxylic acids, demonstrating calculations involving molar mass, volume, and stoichiometry.
Highlight: Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters, a process known as esterification. This reaction is reversible and requires an acid catalyst.