Alkohole Polihydroksylowe: Structure and Nomenclature
This page introduces the concept of alkohole polihydroksylowe (polyhydroxy alcohols) and their basic structure. These compounds are defined as alcohols containing at least two hydroxyl (-OH) groups, with each group attached to a different carbon atom in the chain. The page provides visual examples of two common polyhydroxy alcohols: ethane-1,2-diol and propane-1,2,3-triol.
Definition: Alkohole polihydroksylowe are alcohols with two or more hydroxyl groups, each bonded to a different carbon atom in the molecular chain.
The nomenclature of polyhydroxy alcohols is also explained. Their systematic names are formed similarly to monohydroxy alcohols, with the addition of locants before the "-ol" suffix to indicate the positions of all hydroxyl groups. Prefixes such as "di-", "tri-", and "tetra-" are used to denote the number of hydroxyl groups present.
Example: Ethane-1,2-diol (CH₂OH-CH₂OH) and propane-1,2,3-triol (CH₂OH-CHOH-CH₂OH) are examples of polyhydroxy alcohols.
Highlight: The wzór ogólny (general formula) for polyhydroxy alcohols can be represented as R(OH)n, where R is the hydrocarbon chain and n is the number of hydroxyl groups (≥2).
This introduction provides a solid foundation for understanding the budowa alkoholi polihydroksylowych (structure of polyhydroxy alcohols) and their systematic naming conventions.
