Hydroxo Salts and Acid Salts Dissociation

This page delves into the dysocjacja jonowa soli (ionic dissociation) of more complex salt types, specifically hydroxo salts and acid salts. It explains the stepwise dissociation process these salts undergo in aqueous solutions.

Example: Al(OH)₂NO₃ → [Al(OH)₂]⁺ + NO₃⁻ (first step of hydroxo salt dissociation)

The dissociation of acid salts like KHSO₄ and Ca(HCO₃)₂ is described as a two-step process. The first step involves the removal of the acidic hydrogen, while the second step is the dissociation of the remaining ion.

Highlight: Dysocjacja jonowa soli zadania pdf often include problems related to stepwise dissociation of hydroxo salts and acid salts.

The page also covers the concept of reversible dissociation, which is particularly important for weak electrolytes. Examples of reversible dissociation are provided for compounds like Al(OH)₃ and H₃PO₄.

Vocabulary: Reversible dissociation refers to the equilibrium between the undissociated compound and its ions in solution.

The dissociation of complex hydroxo salts like [Ba(OH)]Cl and [Cu(OH)]₂CO₃ is explained, showing how these compounds release hydroxide ions in solution.

Definition: Hydroxo salts are basic salts that contain hydroxide ions as part of their structure.

The page concludes with examples of complete dissociation, such as Na₂HPO₄, which dissociates 100% in water.

Example: Na₂HPO₄ → 2Na⁺ + HPO₄²⁻ (complete dissociation of a hydrogen phosphate salt)