Esterification Reaction and Ester Properties
The page discusses the esterification reaction, ester structure, nomenclature, and hydrolysis.
Esterification is the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form an ester and water. The general equation is shown with structural formulas.
Example: CH3-CH2-OH + CH3-COOH → CH3-COO-CH2-CH3 + H2O
Ester nomenclature is explained, with the name derived from the parent acid and alcohol.
Vocabulary: In ester names, the "-ic acid" ending of the carboxylic acid is replaced with "-ate", followed by the alkyl group name from the alcohol.
Several examples of ester structures and names are provided:
- Methyl formate
- Ethyl acetate (ethyl ethanoate)
- Ethyl benzoate
- Phenyl formate
- Phenyl benzoate
- Benzyl benzoate
- Cyclopentyl acetate
- Prop-2-yl benzoate
The page also covers esters of inorganic oxoacids, such as methyl nitrate and dimethyl sulfate.
Highlight: Esters can undergo hydrolysis reactions in both acidic and basic conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters is reversible, breaking the ester into a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
Base-catalyzed hydrolysis (saponification) is irreversible, producing a carboxylate salt and an alcohol.
Example: CH3-COO-CH2-CH3 + NaOH → CH3COONa + CH3-CH2-OH
The page concludes with structural formulas for ethyl butanoate and dimethyl sulfate, illustrating the diversity of ester structures.
Definition: Reakcja estryfikacji is the process of forming an ester through the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.
Vocabulary: Właściwości estrów refers to the chemical and physical properties of esters, while Zastosowanie estrów relates to their various applications in industry and everyday life.
This comprehensive overview provides a solid foundation for understanding estry budowa (ester structure), estry nazewnictwo (ester nomenclature), and key reactions involving esters in chemia organiczna (organic chemistry).
