Introduction to Carbohydrates
This page provides an overview of carbohydrate classification and structure. Cukry Chemia klasa 8 introduces the basic concepts of sugar chemistry.
Carbohydrates are divided into three main categories: monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are further classified based on the number of carbon atoms, such as trioses (3 carbons), tetroses (4 carbons), pentoses (5 carbons), and hexoses (6 carbons).
The page explains the difference between aldoses and ketoses, which contain aldehyde and ketone groups respectively. Examples of important monosaccharides are provided, including glucose, fructose, and ribose.
Vocabulary: Monosaccharides - Simple sugars that cannot be broken down into smaller sugar units.
Example: Glucose is an aldohexose, while fructose is a ketohexose.
The Fischer projection is introduced as a method to represent the structure of sugars. The procedure for drawing Fischer projections is outlined, emphasizing the importance of numbering carbon atoms and placing functional groups correctly.
Definition: Fischer projection - A two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional organic molecules.
The concept of stereoisomers in sugars is briefly mentioned, with a formula provided to calculate the maximum number of stereoisomers based on the number of chiral centers.
Highlight: The maximum number of stereoisomers for a sugar molecule with n chiral centers is 2^n.